Fernandina Wall of Lisbon: Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of Rammed Earth and Masonry Mortars

This paper aims to provide information on rammed earth and masonry mortars of the Fernandina defensive Wall Lisbon, Portugal, which was built in second half 14th century. No previous exists concerning materials construction techniques used this structure, is essential increase knowledge define requirements for a reliable conservation. An experimental campaign carried out samples extracted nine different sections were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry wet chemical analysis. Calcitic lime employed as binder stone bedding also identified samples. The results obtained allowed us verify use binders aggregates, with heterogeneous binder/aggregate ratios, Wall. To reduce time preparation achieve durable matrix, most probably quicklime hydrated together moistened produce mortars.